Applications: Detection of surface defects or structural damage in all materials of aircraft. Fluorescent and dye penetrants are used in critical areas for more sensitive evaluation.

2. Magnetic Particle

Dry Particles AC/DC
Wet Suspension AC/DC

Fast and effective for surface & subsurface defects in ferromagnetic materials. Widely used for removable and non-removable parts inspection.

3. Eddy Current: All technics

Eddy-Current test (60Hz-10MHz)	coating test
orrosion test between layers,	conductivity test
paint thickness,	ro to test

4. Ultrasonic: All technics

Pulse-echo (immersion or contact), Thickness measurement, Through-transmission (immersion or contact)

5. Radiography:

Applications: Considering the penetration and absorption capability of x-radiation, radiography is used to inspect a variety of nonmetallic and metallic parts; for any kind of discontinuities.

6. Sonic / Resonance:

Application: To examine bonding exists between honeycomb, detect delaminations in composite laminates, and between metal to metal structures

Tap testing is limited to detection of disbonds or voids between upperfacing sheet and adhesive. It will not detect disbond or voids at 2 nd or 3 rd layer bondlines, such as doubler areas.

7. Infrared Thermography:

Application: Used to detect certain voids, inclusions, debonds, liquid ingress or contamination, foreign objects and damaged or broken structural assemblies. Infrared thermography also been chosen for quick operational use and the reliability of defection 'liquid contamination' in the composite sandwich in compared to x-ray method.

8. Visual / Optical:

Detection of surface defects or structural damage in all materials. Optical instruments are used for visual checks of internal areas and for deep holes and bores of aircraft structure, landing gears etc. 'Borescopes', 'fibrescopes' and 'video imagescopes' are most important optical aids in remote - visual inspection, which area is normally inaccessible.